2.5 Independent Living Aids2.5.1 Artificial Limbs |
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There are four main types of artificial limbs. These include the
transtibial,
transfemoral,
transradial,
and transhumeral
prostheses. The type of prosthesis depends on what part of the limb is missing.
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2.5.1 Guide Dogs vs. Canes |
For some, a long cane is an effective way to probe the physical environment and move around safely. Other people find that a guide
dog better suits their day-to-day travel needs. The choice is a personal one which involves careful consideration of lifestyle and travel
factors. Using a long white cane allows someone who is blind to locate steps, curbs, streets, driveways, doorways, bicycles, elevators,
escalators, people, chairs, tables, desks, or any other object or place. The cane is long enough to be about two steps ahead of the
person's feet, and so the walker finds objects with the cane before hitting them. There are canes of all sizes, including very small ones
for children and long ones for tall people. Some blind people like to use a guide dog to get around. These dogs are especially trained to
move around obstacles, go through doorways, and stop at curbs and stairs. When the blind person hears that it is safe to cross the street,
he or she will tell the dog to go ahead. And when the blind person gets to the address of the restaurant or business, the dog will find
the door. The blind person using the dog is always in charge and must tell the dog what to do. People with service animals sometimes face discrimination from business owners who do not know the law. In the United States especially, there are extensive legal protections for service animals under the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). According to the ADA, a service animal must be allowed everywhere its owner is, and shall not be treated as a “pet” by business owners. This law supersedes local ordinances, which may, for example, prohibit dogs from restaurants. Failure to admit someone with a service animal into a business or workplace is grounds for a very serious lawsuit. |
2.5.3 What is a Service Animal? |
A service animal is an animal which has been specially trained to assist an individual with disabilities. Common examples of service
animals include guide dogs and horses, therapy animals,
and animals which pull wheelchairs or otherwise assist people with mobility impairments. Service animals are an important part of life for
their disabled partners, who have more independence and freedom thanks to their service animal companions. In addition, most nations have
laws protecting the rights of service animals, along with people with disabilities. In order to be considered a service animal, an animal needs to be individually trained to provide a service. Many service animals are also registered with a service animal organization and a state or national service animal registry, but this is not required. The training for a service animal represents months of work, as the animal must be trained to be good natured and obedient in a variety of situations, while also protecting its owner. Service animals are taught to perform tasks such as looking out for traffic when their owners are blind, or alerting a deaf owner to a potential hazard. At the same time, a service animal is taught “intelligent disobedience,” meaning that it will refuse to carry out an order which it believes is dangerous. While some breeds of animal are favored more than others for service, the primary concern is the animal's temperament. Dogs, for example, are chosen for being friendly, easy to handle, loyal, and patient. Typically, a potential service animal undergoes extensive behavioral testing before being accepted into a training program. Above all, a service animal is not a pet, although the animal is probably loved by its owners. If you see someone with a service animal, always ask for permission before petting or handling it, and be aware that if the animal is working, you may not be allowed to touch it. In addition to service animals assisting people with obvious disabilities, such as blindness, other service animals work as comfort or therapy animals. Some of the most famous therapy animals have been unusual species, like chickens. A therapy animal can either work in a hospital or clinical location helping a large number of patients, or be assigned to work with a specific person. Studies undertaken by organizations like the Humane Society of the United States indicate that working with animals really does make people feel better, and this is the goal of a therapy animal. People with service animals sometimes face discrimination from business owners who do not know the law. In the United States especially, there are extensive legal protections for service animals under the Americans with Disabilities Act. According to the ADA, a service animal must be allowed everywhere its owner is, and shall not be treated as a “pet” by business owners. This law supersedes local ordinances, which may, for example, prohibit dogs from restaurants. Failure to admit someone with a service animal into a business or workplace is grounds for a very serious lawsuit. |
2.5.3 What is a TTY? |
A TTY is also known as a TDD (Telecommunications Device for the Deaf)
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